Where are the Top 7 Ports in China
In China, the construction of coastal ports focuses on the transportation systems of coal, containers, imported iron ore, grain, land-island ro-ro and deep-water sea-going channels, and especially strengthens the construction of the container transportation system in China.
The government has concentrated its efforts on building a number of deep-water container terminals in many ports such as Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, Shanghai, Ningbo, Tangshan and Shenzhen, laying the foundation for the formation of China’s container hub ports; the construction of coal transportation system has been further strengthened, and a number of new coal loading and unloading terminals have been built.
At the same time, a number of imported crude oil and iron ore terminals have been reconstructed and expanded. By the end of 2004, there were more than 2,500 berths above medium level in coastal ports, including more than 650 berths of 10,000 tons; the annual container throughput was 61.5 million TEUs, which ranked first in the world. The total annual throughput of some large ports exceeds 100 million tons, such as Shanghai Port, Shenzhen Port, Qingdao Port, Tianjin Port, Guangzhou Port, Tangshan Port, Ningbo Port, etc.
The construction of container transportation system has been completed. The government has concentrated its efforts on building a number of deep-water container terminals in many ports such as Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, Shanghai, Ningbo, Tangshan and Shenzhen, laying the foundation for the formation of China’s container hub ports; the construction of coal transportation system has been further strengthened, and a number of new coal loading and unloading terminals have been built.
At the same time, a number of imported crude oil and iron ore terminals have been reconstructed and expanded. By the end of 2004, there were more than 2,500 berths above medium level in coastal ports, including more than 650 berths of 10,000 tons; the annual container throughput was 61.5 million TEUs, which ranked first in the world.
The total annual throughput of some large ports exceeded 100 million tons, such as Shanghai Port, Shenzhen Port, Qingdao Port, Tianjin Port, Guangzhou Port, Tangshan Port, Ningbo Port, etc.
China Port Ranking
The world’s 10 largest container port ranking freshly released, China’s 7 major ports are strong finalists, they are:
No.1. Shanghai Port,
No.3. Ningbo Port,
No.4. Shenzhen Port,
No.5. Guangzhou Port,
No.7. Qingdao Port,
No.8. Hong Kong Port,
No.9. Tianjin Port,
Port Introduction
Shanghai Port
Shanghai Port is a port in Shanghai, China, which is connected to the north and south coast of China and the world’s oceans in the front, and to the Yangtze River basin and the inland rivers of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui and the Taihu Lake basin in the back;
its main port area is distributed along the Huangpu River, and the delta is flat and open, which provides conditions for the construction of the port, with smooth collection and distribution channels, and can radiate to the Yangtze River basin and even the whole country through highways and national highways, railroad trunk lines and coastal transport networks.
The business of Shanghai port mainly includes stevedoring, warehousing, logistics, ship towing, pilotage, foreign ship agency, foreign ship forwarding, sea-rail intermodal transport, transit service and waterway passenger service, etc. In 2020, the cargo throughput of Shanghai port will be 6510.5 million tons and the container throughput will reach 43.5 million TEU.
Ningbo - Zhoushan Port
Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, located on the coast of the East China Sea, is the area with the richest deep-water shoreline resources in China. The water depth of the inlet channel of Ningbo port is above 18.2 meters, so ships below 250,000 tons can enter and exit freely, and super-large ships of 250,000 to 300,000 tons can enter the port on the waiting tide.
The port of Zhoushan, which relies on the Zhoushan Islands, the largest archipelago in China, has the world’s rare harbor conditions, with 200.7 kilometers of shoreline at a depth of 15 meters or more, 103.7 kilometers of shoreline at a depth of 20 meters or more, and the international channel through the harbor area can pass huge ships of 300,000 tons or more.
GuangZhou Port
Located at the intersection of the east, west and north rivers of the Pearl River system, Guangzhou Port is a larger international trade port in South China, as well as a water network transportation center and water and land transportation hub in the Pearl River Delta.
Guangzhou Port is composed of seaport and river port, and has opened 179 container liner routes and 131 international container liner routes; it is mainly engaged in cargo handling (including wharf and anchorage barging) and storage of oil, coal, grain, fertilizer, steel, ore and containers, bonded cargo business as well as domestic and foreign cargo agency and ship agency business.
636 million tons, including domestic trade of 490 million tons; container throughput of 23.505 million TEU, the fifth largest in the world, including domestic trade of 14.45 million TEU.
ShenZhen Port
Shenzhen Port is located in the south of the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong Province, on the east coast of Lingding Ocean at the mouth of the Pearl River, adjacent to Hong Kong, and is an excellent natural harbor in South China.
The direct hinterland of Shenzhen port is Shenzhen city, Huizhou city, Dongguan city and part of the Pearl River Delta.
In 2004, the cargo throughput of Shenzhen port reached 135 million tons, an increase of 20.33%, and the container throughput was 13.65 million TEU, an increase of 28.22%. 2005, Shenzhen port built 10 special berths for containers, and developed and built Tonggu channel.
In 2005, the cargo throughput of Shenzhen Port reached 153 million tons, and the container throughput was 16,197,100 TEU.
Qingdao Port
Qingdao Port was founded in 1892 and is located in the center of the port group of Bohai Sea, Yangtze River Delta and Japan and Korea.
Qingdao port is mainly engaged in handling, storage, agency, bonding, distribution, processing, transportation and other comprehensive logistics services for import and export cargoes such as containers, crude oil, iron ore, coal, grain, etc. and international passenger transport services, and has trade relations with more than 700 ports in more than 180 countries and regions in the world.
450 million tons, up 5.9%; container throughput 22.01 million TEU, up 4.7%.
Tianjin Port
Tianjin Port is an important national strategic resource, the maritime gateway to Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and the “Three Norths” region, the main sea port of Xiongan New Area, the land and sea intersection of the “One Belt and One Road”, an important node of the economic corridor of the New Asia-Europe Continental Bridge and an international port serving the overall opening up of the world.
It has been ranked among the top ten ports in the world for many years.
Tianjin Port is an important modern comprehensive port in China and a large artificial deep water port in the world, with a wharf level of 300,000 tons, a channel depth of -22 meters and 192 berths of various types, 128 berths above 10,000 tons, mainly consisting of six port areas: North, East, South, Dagukou, Gosha Ling and Dagang. Throughput of 18.3531 million TEU, an increase of 6.1%.
Hong Kong Port
Hong Kong Port is a natural harbor in China and the shipping center of the Far East. It is on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary, between Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula.
Hong Kong is strategically located between our country and neighboring Asian countries, both at the entrance to the Pearl River Delta and at the center of Asia’s Pacific Rim, which is experiencing impressive economic growth.
The Port of Hong Kong is one of the busiest and most efficient international container ports in the world and a major hub port in the global supply chain.
There are over 80 international liners providing approximately 500 container liner services per week, connecting the Port of Hong Kong to over 500 destinations around the world.
Port Type
1. General Categories
1. Base Port
It is the port where the liner company’s ships are generally required to call regularly by the tariff list. Most of the ports are located in the center of the larger ports, the port equipment conditions are better, the cargo load is more and stable.
If the port is designated as a basic port, the cargo volume is no longer limited. The cargo to the basic port is generally direct transportation, no need to change ships in the middle.
The cargo to the basic port is generally direct transportation, no need to change ships in the middle. However, there are times when the volume of cargo is too small and the vessel decides to transfer midway, the vessel will make its own arrangements and bear the transfer costs.
According to the basic port freight rate to the cargo side to collect freight, no additional transfer surcharge or direct shipping surcharge. And direct bill of lading shall be issued.
2. Non-Base Port
All ports other than the basic ports are called non-basic ports. In addition to the basic port charges, non-basic ports are generally subject to a transfer surcharge. When a certain volume of cargo is reached, it is changed to a direct shipping surcharge.
For example, Honiara in the New Guinea route is the basic port of Solomon Islands, while Kieta is a non-basic port. The freight rate to the port of Kieta is subject to a transfer surcharge of $43.00 (USD) per FT on top of the Honiara freight rate.
2. Classification by use
There are commercial ports, military ports, fishing ports, industrial ports, and typhoon shelters according to the purpose of the port.
Ports are divided into different uses according to their functions, uses, scale, operating units, and related regulations. The following types of ports are distinguished according to their representative uses such as the types of ships calling at the port, but sometimes they differ according to the classification of each country (region).
3. By Location
According to the location can be divided into coastal ports, estuarine ports and inland ports, coastal ports and estuarine ports are collectively referred to as seaports
1. Estuary Port
Located at the mouth of the river or the estuary section affected by the tide, it can serve both sea and river vessels.
Generally there are big cities as a backing, convenient land and water transportation, inland waterways often deep into the vast economic hinterland, to bear a large amount of cargo flow, so many large ports in the world are built near the estuary, such as the Port of Rotterdam, the Port of London, the Port of New York, the Port of Leningrad, the Port of Shanghai, etc..
Estuarine port is characterized by the arrangement of terminal facilities along the river bank, not far from the sea and do not need to build a breakwater, such as the length of the shoreline is not enough, can be added to the dredging type port pool.
2. Sea port
It is located in the coast, bay or lagoon, and also built on the deep water surface away from the coast.
Ports located on the shore of open sea or in bays with insufficient natural cover usually require the construction of breakwaters of considerable size, such as Dalian Port, Qingdao Port, Lianyung Port, Keelung Port, Genoa Port in Italy, etc.
Single or multi-point mooring quays and island quays for giant oil tankers or ore ships belong to the outer seaports without cover, such as the port of Buraga in Libya and the port of Sidon in Lebanon.
The lagoon is completely or partially separated by the natural sand spout, and after excavating the canal or widening and dredging the channel, a port can be built on the shore of the lagoon, such as Guangxi Beihai Port.
There are also large harbors that rely entirely on natural cover, such as Tokyo Harbor, Hong Kong Harbor, Sydney Harbor in Australia, etc.
3. River port
Ports located on natural rivers or artificial canals, including lake ports and reservoir ports.
Lake ports and reservoir ports have wide water surface and sometimes high wind and waves, so they have many similarities with harbors, such as often need to build breakwaters.
The ports on large reservoirs such as Gubishev and Zimlyansk in the USSR and the small ports on Hongze Lake in China are of this kind.
4. Classification by tidal influence
1. Open Port
A port where the tidal variation of water level inside the port is the same as outside the port is called an open port.
2. Closed Port
At the entrance of the port, a lock is set up to separate the inner waters of the port from the outer sea, so that the water level in the port does not rise and fall with the change of tide, ensuring that there is still enough water depth in the port at low tide is called a closed port. For example, the Port of London in England belongs to this category.
3. Mixed Port
Ports that have both open and closed port pools are called mixed ports. For example, the port of Antwerp in Belgium belongs to this category.
5. Classification by status
1. International Port
Ports that berth ships from ports all over the world are called international ports. For example, the ports of Shanghai and Dalian in China and Rotterdam and London in foreign countries belong to this category.
2. National Port
A port that relies primarily on ships traveling to and from domestic ports is called a national port.
3. Regional Ports
A port is called a regional port if it mainly calls ships that travel to or from a regional port in China.
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